Semințe de roșii Gargamel
2,90 €
Cassava, Yuca (Manihot esculenta)
Preț: 7,00 €
Cu TVA
Cassava, Yuca, Macaxeira, Mandioca, Aipim Seeds (Manihot esculenta)
Price for Package of 3 seeds.
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (/kəˈsɑːvə/), manioc, yuca, macaxeira, mandioca and aipim, is a woody shrub native to South America
Semințe în pachet:
Distribuie pe
Cassava, Yuca, Macaxeira, Mandioca, Aipim Seeds (Manihot esculenta)
Price for Package of 3 seeds.
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (/kəˈsɑːvə/), manioc, yuca, macaxeira, mandioca and aipim, is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Though it is often called yuca in Latin American Spanish and in the United States, it is not related to yucca, a shrub in the family Asparagaceae. Cassava is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but substantial quantities are used to extract cassava starch, called tapioca, which is used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. The Brazilian farinha, and the related garri of West Africa, is an edible coarse flour obtained by grating cassava roots, pressing moisture off the obtained grated pulp, and finally drying it (and roasting in the case of farinha).
Cassava is the third-largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize.[3][4] Cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people.[5] It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while Thailand is the largest exporter of cassava starch.
Cassava is classified as either sweet or bitter. Like other roots and tubers, both bitter and sweet varieties of cassava contain antinutritional factors and toxins, with the bitter varieties containing much larger amounts.[6] It must be properly prepared before consumption, as improper preparation of cassava can leave enough residual cyanide to cause acute cyanide intoxication,[7][8] goiters, and even ataxia, partial paralysis, or death. The more toxic varieties of cassava are a fall-back resource (a "food security crop") in times of famine or food insecurity in some places.[7][6] Farmers often prefer the bitter varieties because they deter pests, animals, and thieves.
Description
The cassava root is long and tapered, with a firm, homogeneous flesh encased in a detachable rind, about 1 mm thick, rough and brown on the outside. Commercial cultivars can be 5 to 10 cm (2.0 to 3.9 in) in diameter at the top, and around 15 to 30 cm (5.9 to 11.8 in) long. A woody vascular bundle runs along the root's axis. The flesh can be chalk-white or yellowish. Cassava roots are very rich in starch and contain small amounts of calcium (16 mg/100 g), phosphorus (27 mg/100 g), and vitamin C (20.6 mg/100 g).[10] However, they are poor in protein and other nutrients. In contrast, cassava leaves are a good source of protein (rich in lysine), but deficient in the amino acid methionine and possibly tryptophan.[11]
Details of cassava plants 
Unprocessed roots 
Leaf 
Leaf detail 
Picked buds 
Seeds 
History
17th c. painting by Albert Eckhout in Dutch Brazil
Wild populations of M. esculenta subspecies flabellifolia, shown to be the progenitor of domesticated cassava, are centered in west-central Brazil, where it was likely first domesticated no more than 10,000 years BP.[12] Forms of the modern domesticated species can also be found growing in the wild in the south of Brazil. By 4,600 BC, manioc (cassava) pollen appears in the Gulf of Mexico lowlands, at the San Andrés archaeological site.[13] The oldest direct evidence of cassava cultivation comes from a 1,400-year-old Maya site, Joya de Cerén, in El Salvador.[14] With its high food potential, it had become a staple food of the native populations of northern South America, southern Mesoamerica, and the Caribbean by the time of European contact in 1492. Cassava was a staple food of pre-Columbian peoples in the Americas and is often portrayed in indigenous art. The Moche people often depicted yuca in their ceramics.[15]
Spaniards in their early occupation of Caribbean islands did not want to eat cassava or maize, which they considered insubstantial, dangerous, and not nutritious. They much preferred foods from Spain, specifically wheat bread, olive oil, red wine, and meat, and considered maize and cassava damaging to Europeans.[16] The cultivation and consumption of cassava was nonetheless continued in both Portuguese and Spanish America. Mass production of cassava bread became the first Cuban industry established by the Spanish,[17]Ships departing to Europe from Cuban ports such as Havana, Santiago, Bayamo, and Baracoa carried goods to Spain, but sailors needed to be provisioned for the voyage. The Spanish also needed to replenish their boats with dried meat, water, fruit, and large amounts of cassava bread.[18] Sailors complained that it caused them digestive problems.[19] Tropical Cuban weather was not suitable for wheat planting and cassava would not go stale as quickly as regular bread.
Cassava was introduced to Africa by Portuguese traders from Brazil in the 16th century. Around the same period, it was also introduced to Asia through Columbian Exchange by Portuguese and Spanish traders, planted in their colonies in Goa, Malacca, Eastern Indonesia, Timor and the Philippines. Maize and cassava are now important staple foods, replacing native African crops in places such as Tanzania.[20] Cassava has also become an important staple in Asia, extensively cultivated in Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.[21] Cassava is sometimes described as the "bread of the tropics"[22] but should not be confused with the tropical and equatorial bread tree (Encephalartos), the breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) or the African breadfruit (Treculia africana).
Production
In 2016, global production of cassava root was 277 million tonnes, with Nigeria as the world's largest producer having 21% of the world total (table). Other major growers were Thailand, Brazil, and Indonesia.[23]
| Cassava production – 2016 | |
|---|---|
| Country | Production (millions of tonnes) |
 Nigeria | |
 Thailand | |
 Brazil | |
 Indonesia | |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
Cassava is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, can be successfully grown on marginal soils, and gives reasonable yields where many other crops do not grow well. Cassava is well adapted within latitudes 30° north and south of the equator, at elevations between sea level and 2,000 m (6,600 ft) above sea level, in equatorial temperatures, with rainfalls from 50 mm (2.0 in) to 5 m (16 ft) annually, and to poor soils with a pH ranging from acidic to alkaline. These conditions are common in certain parts of Africa and South America.
Cassava is a highly-productive crop when considering food calories produced per unit land area, per unit of time. Significantly higher than other staple crops, cassava can produce food calories at rates exceeding 250,000 kcal/hectare/day, as compared with 176,000 for rice, 110,000 for wheat and 200,000 for maize (corn).
Economic importance
See also: Tapioca § Production 
A cassava tuber in cross-section
Cassava, yams (Dioscorea spp.), and sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are important sources of food in the tropics. The cassava plant gives the third-highest yield of carbohydrates per cultivated area among crop plants, after sugarcane and sugar beets.[24] Cassava plays a particularly important role in agriculture in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, because it does well on poor soils and with low rainfall, and because it is a perennial that can be harvested as required. Its wide harvesting window allows it to act as a famine reserve and is invaluable in managing labor schedules. It offers flexibility to resource-poor farmers because it serves as either a subsistence or a cash crop.[25]
Worldwide, 800 million people depend on cassava as their primary food staple.[26] No continent depends as much on root and tuber crops in feeding its population as does Africa. In the humid and sub-humid areas of tropical Africa, it is either a primary staple food or a secondary costaple. In Ghana, for example, cassava and yams occupy an important position in the agricultural economy and contribute about 46 percent of the agricultural gross domestic product. Cassava accounts for a daily caloric intake of 30 percent in Ghanaand is grown by nearly every farming family. The importance of cassava to many Africans is epitomised in the Ewe (a language spoken in Ghana, Togo and Benin) name for the plant, agbeli, meaning "there is life".
In Tamil Nadu, India, there are many cassava processing factories alongside National Highway 68 between Thalaivasal and Attur. Cassava is widely cultivated and eaten as a staple food in Andhra Pradesh and in Kerala. In Assam it is an important source of carbohydrates especially for natives of hilly areas.
In the subtropical region of southern China, cassava is the fifth-largest crop in term of production, after rice, sweet potato, sugar cane, and maize. China is also the largest export market for cassava produced in Vietnam and Thailand. Over 60 percent of cassava production in China is concentrated in a single province, Guangxi, averaging over seven million tonnes annually.
Uses
See also: Tapioca § Uses
| This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Cassava" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Processing cassava starch into cassava noodles, Kampong Cham
Alcoholic beverages
Main article: Alcoholic beverage § Beverages by type
Alcoholic beverages made from cassava include cauim and tiquira (Brazil), kasiri (Guyana, Suriname), impala (Mozambique), masato (Peruvian Amazonia chicha), parakari or kari (Guyana), nihamanchi (South America) also known as nijimanche (Ecuador and Peru), ö döi (chicha de yuca, Ngäbe-Bugle, Panama), sakurá (Brazil, Suriname), and tarul ko jaarh (Darjeeling, Sikkim, India).
Culinary
Main article: Cassava-based dishes 
Cassava heavy cake
Cassava-based dishes are widely consumed wherever the plant is cultivated; some have regional, national, or ethnic importance.[27] Cassava must be cooked properly to detoxify it before it is eaten.
Cassava can be cooked in many ways. The root of the sweet variety has a delicate flavor and can replace potatoes. It is used in cholent in some households.[citation needed] It can be made into a flour that is used in breads, cakes and cookies. In Brazil, detoxified manioc is ground and cooked to a dry, often hard or crunchy meal known as farofa used as a condiment, toasted in butter, or eaten alone as a side dish.
Nutritional profile
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 160 kcal (670 kJ) |
Carbohydrates | 38.1 g |
| Sugars | 1.7 g |
| Dietary fiber | 1.8 g |
Fat | 0.3 g |
Protein | 1.4 g |
| Vitamins | Quantity%DV† |
| Thiamine (B1) | 8% 0.087 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) | 4% 0.048 mg |
| Niacin (B3) | 6% 0.854 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 7% 0.088 mg |
| Folate (B9) | 7% 27 μg |
| Vitamin C | 25% 20.6 mg |
| Minerals | Quantity%DV† |
| Calcium | 2% 16 mg |
| Iron | 2% 0.27 mg |
| Magnesium | 6% 21 mg |
| Phosphorus | 4% 27 mg |
| Potassium | 6% 271 mg |
| Sodium | 1% 14 mg |
| Zinc | 4% 0.34 mg |
| Other constituents | Quantity |
| Water | 60 g |
Full Link to USDA Database entry | |
| |
| †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. | |
Raw cassava is 60% water, 38% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and has negligible fat (table).[28] In a 100 gram amount, raw cassava provides 160 calories and contains 25% of the Daily Value (DV) for vitamin C, but otherwise has no micronutrients in significant content (no values above 10% DV; table). Cooked cassava starch has a digestibility of over 75%.[28]
Cassava, like other foods, also has antinutritional and toxic factors. Of particular concern are the cyanogenic glucosides of cassava (linamarin and lotaustralin). On hydrolysis, these release hydrocyanic acid (HCN).[citation needed] The presence of cyanide in cassava is of concern for human and for animal consumption. The concentration of these antinutritional and unsafe glycosides varies considerably between varieties and also with climatic and cultural conditions. Selection of cassava species to be grown, therefore, is quite important. Once harvested, bitter cassava must be treated and prepared properly prior to human or animal consumption, while sweet cassava can be used after simply boiling.
Comparison with other major staple foods
A comparative table shows that cassava is a good energy source. In its prepared forms in which its toxic or unpleasant components have been reduced to acceptable levels, it contains an extremely high proportion of starch. Compared to most staples however, cassava accordingly is a poorer dietary source of protein and most other essential nutrients. Though an important staple, its main value is as a component of a balanced diet.
Comparisons between the nutrient content of cassava and other major staple foods when raw, as shown in the table, must be interpreted with caution because most staples are not edible in such forms and many are indigestible, even dangerously poisonous or otherwise harmful.[citation needed] For consumption, each must be prepared and cooked as appropriate. Suitably cooked or otherwise prepared, the nutritional and antinutritional contents of each of these staples is widely different from that of raw form and depends on the methods of preparation such as soaking, fermentation, sprouting, boiling, or baking.
🌍Livrare in intreaga lume din UE
Expediem in intreaga lume din Uniunea Europeana, folosind posta aeriana recomandata, cu confirmare prin semnatura la livrare.
📦Urmarirea comenzii tale
Conectati-va la contul dvs. si navigati laIstoricul comenzilor > Detalii pentru a gasi numarul dvs. de urmarire.
Veti primi notificari prin e-mail pentru fiecare etapa a comenzii dumneavoastra.
Daca nu vedeti aceste mesaje, verificati folderul Spam/mesaje nedorite sau contactati furnizorul dvs. de e-mail. Alternativ, cautati online cum sa deblocati e-mailurile expeditorilor.
SERVICIUL NOSTRU DE EMAIL FUNCTIONEAZA
Veti primi notificari prin e-mail pentru fiecare etapa a comenzii dvs. Daca nu vedeti aceste mesaje, verificati folderul Spam/mesaje nedorite sau contactati furnizorul dvs. de e-mail.
📧Cum sa te asiguri ca e-mailurile de la magazinul nostru online ajung intotdeauna in contul tau Gmailsau orice alt e-mailal furnizorului In Inbox si nu sunt marcate ca spam sau blocate:
Adauga expeditorul in contactele Google sau ale oricarui alt furnizor de e-mail. Nu te putem ajuta daca setarile tale nu sunt astfel. Contacteaza furnizorul tau de e-mail pentru asistenta.
Pasul 1: Deschide Gmail si gaseste un e-mail de la noi [email protected]
Nu incercati sa ne trimiteti un e-mail direct la aceasta adresa; nu il vom primi. Orice contact se face exclusiv prin formularul de contact din magazinul nostru online!
Daca nu gasiti e-mailul nostru, este posibil sa fi fost blocat. In acest caz, continuati cu Pasul 4 de mai jos.Pasul 2: Puneti cursorul peste numele expeditorului sau adresa de e-mail din partea de sus a e-mailului.
Pasul 3: Faceti clic pe pictograma "Adauga la contacte" (mica pictograma cu o persoana).
Acest lucru va ajuta Gmail sa ne recunoasca ca expeditor de incredere, asigurandu-se ca e-mailurile noastre ajung direct in inboxul tau si nu in folderul de spam.
Creati un filtru pentru a preveni ca e-mailurile sa fie marcate ca spam sau blocate
Pasul 1: Deschide Gmail si da clic pe pictograma rotita din coltul din dreapta sus, apoi selecteaza "Vezi toate setarile".
Pasul 2: Accesati fila "Filtre si adrese blocate".
Pasul 3: Faceti clic pe "Creati un filtru nou".
Pasul 4: In campul "From", introduceti adresa de e-mail pe care doriti sa o adaugati pe lista alba (e.g., e-mailul magazinului nostru).
Pasul 5: Faceti clic pe "Creeaza filtru".
Pasul 6: In fereastra urmatoare, bifati caseta etichetata "Nu-l trimite niciodata in Spam".
Pasul 7: Faceti clic pe "Creeaza filtru" pentru a salva.
Acest lucru va asigura ca e-mailurile noastre ajung intotdeauna in inbox-ul tau si nu vor fi marcate ca spam sau blocate din greseala.
Urmareste-ti coletul prin:
Aftership
17Track
Posta.hr (pentru numere de urmarire precum RGxxxxxxHR)
⚠️Notificari importante
Plata la livrare esteNUDisponibil.
Furnizati intotdeauna un numar de telefon mobil valid cu codul tarii cand comandati (e.g., +365 456 7686 576).
Nu ordona sa P.O. Cutii, sau daca nu puteti fi acasa pentru a semna pentru colet, coletele nu pot fi lasate la vecini.
Daca un pachet trimis la P.O. Daca cutia este pierduta sau nedistribuita, nu se va emite nicio rambursare.
⚖️Responsabilitatea clientului privind conformitatea legala
Clientul este responsabil sa se asigure ca produsul poate fi importat legal in tara sa, inclusiv prin respectarea tuturor reglementarilor de import, obtinerea permiselor necesare si plata taxelor vamale, impozitelor si a altor taxe aplicabile. Va rugam sa verificati legislatia locala inainte de a comanda pentru a evita orice probleme cu vama sau livrarea.
📦Pachete Pierdute, Returnate & Reexpediate
Clienti din Brazilia si Mexic:Nu putem rambursa coletele pierdute sau distruse de catre autoritatile vamale.
Daca coletul dumneavoastra este returnat, va vom rambursa doar costul produsului — costurile de livrare nu sunt rambursabile.
Costul expedierii de retur (2 €) si orice costuri de reexpediere trebuie acoperite de client.
Daca un pachet ne este returnat din orice motiv, sunteti responsabil pentru plata transportului de retur (€2) plus costul reexpedierii pachetului.
🚚Livrare colet
Trimiterile inregistrate necesita o semnatura.
Daca urmarirea arata ca pachetul este inca la oficiul postal de expediere, acesta este in tranzit — contactati oficiul postal local pentru actualizari.
Din pacate, nici noi, nici serviciul postal prin care a fost expediata comanda dumneavoastra nu va putem ajuta sa aflati unde se afla aceasta. Cand vedeti ca pachetul este in tara dumneavoastra,TREBUIE sa contactati oficiul postal cu numarul de urmarire.si discutati problema cu ei. Trimitem toate comenzile prin posta oficiala de stat.
Nu suntem responsabili pentru termenele de livrare si nu putem urmari expedierile in numele dumneavoastra.
📅Optiuni de livrare & timpi estimati
| Optiune de livrare | Timp de procesare | Notite |
|---|---|---|
| Livrare Prioritara | Se expediaza in 1–7 zile lucratoare | Acorda prioritate procesarii comenzilor (nu garanteaza o livrare mai rapida); pot aparea intarzieri in timpul sarbatorilor (3–10 zile) |
| Livrare securizata | Se expediaza in 1–7 zile lucratoare | Disponibil pentru comenzi de pana la 150 €; rambursare in caz de pierdere |
| Livrare standard | Se expediaza in 7–10 zile lucratoare | Mai economic; pot aparea intarzieri in perioada sarbatorilor (7–14 zile) |
Timp estimat de livrare:
In UE:3–20 zile
La nivel mondial:5–30 zile
Exemple din SUA:Livrat in 13, 17, 19, 22, sau 27 de zile.
Nota:Timpul de livrare depinde de locatia dvs. si de sistemul postal local. COVID-19 sau perioadele de sarbatori pot provoca intarzieri suplimentare.
💰Costuri de livrare
Taxele de expediere si manipulare sunt calculate automat la finalizarea comenzii, in functie de greutatea coletului si de destinatie.
⏰Ore de procesare a comenzilor
Nu procesam si nu expediem comenzile in zilele de sambata si duminica.
💳Optiuni de plata
Transfer bancar (SEPA / IBAN / SWIFT-BIC)
Includeti referinta comenzii dvs. in descrierea platii (e.g., "SGS-19811702").
Comenzile care nu sunt platite in termen de 7 zile vor fi anulate automat.PayPal
Platile sunt acceptate numai in euro.
Va rugam sa selectati euro la finalizarea comenzii.Plata cu cardul
Acceptam Visa, MasterCard, American Express, CB, Diners Club, Discover, China UnionPay, JCB, si Discover.
⚠️Taxe de tranzactie
Clientii sunt responsabili pentru orice comisioane de tranzactie bancare sau PayPal.
Va rugam sa va asigurati ca detaliile de plata sunt corecte pentru o procesare mai rapida a comenzii.
📢Note finale
Inainte de a plasa comanda, verificati intotdeauna site-ul nostru pentru anunturi speciale, programul din perioada sarbatorilor sau conditii specifice de livrare care ar putea afecta achizitia dumneavoastra.
Notificare importanta: Facturi digitale
Pentru a contribui la reducerea risipei de hartie, nu includem o factura tiparita impreuna cu comanda dvs. Puteti descarca si imprima cu usurinta factura dvs. in orice moment accesand contul dvs.Istoric comenzi in profilul contului tau
In curand
